Turn a 2×2 table into sensitivity, specificity and predictive values.

Enter the four cells of your 2×2 table and get sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios and accuracy, each with a 95% confidence interval. Your counts never leave your browser.

Runs entirely in your browser Confidence intervals and R code Built by a publishing physician-scientist

The same test looks different in a different clinic

Sensitivity and specificity travel with the test. Predictive values do not, they shift with how common the disease is. Reporting the right pair, with intervals, is what a reviewer expects.

Reviewers ask for intervals

A point estimate is not enough

Diagnostic accuracy studies follow STARD, which expects sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals. This gives you both.

Prevalence matters

PPV and NPV are not fixed

Enter a prevalence for your setting and the tool re-expresses the predictive values for it, the classic reason a strong test disappoints in practice.

Beyond the basics

Likelihood ratios too

Likelihood ratios fold sensitivity and specificity into a single number you can apply to one patient, and they come with intervals here.

Let a named physician-scientist run the diagnostic analysis

ROC curves, optimal cut-offs, the comparison of two tests and paired or clustered designs need more than a 2×2. Rigora’s statistics service delivers the analysis, the figures and the reporting, done by a publishing physician-scientist.

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Questions

What is the difference between sensitivity and specificity?

Sensitivity is the proportion of people with the disease who test positive. Specificity is the proportion without the disease who test negative. Both are properties of the test and do not depend on how common the disease is.

Why do PPV and NPV change with prevalence?

Predictive values answer the patient’s question, given my result do I have the disease, and that depends on how common the disease is. The same test has a lower positive predictive value in a low-prevalence screening setting than in a high-prevalence clinic.

What is a likelihood ratio?

A likelihood ratio combines sensitivity and specificity into one number that tells you how much a result changes the odds of disease. A positive likelihood ratio above 10, or a negative one below 0.1, is often called strong evidence.

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